Iguana Care Sheet
Scientific Name: Iguana iguana
Origin: Native to Central and South America, including Mexico, the Caribbean, and parts of Brazil and Paraguay
Average Size: 4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 meters) including tail
Lifespan: 10-20 years in captivity, with proper care
Overview
Iguanas are large, primarily arboreal reptiles best suited for experienced reptile keepers. Known for their striking green coloration, impressive size, and complex needs, iguanas require significant commitment in terms of space, diet, and handling. With proper care, they can become tame and interact well with their owners, but they demand diligent attention and proper husbandry.
Housing Requirements
Enclosure Size
Young Iguanas (up to 1 year old): Minimum 55-gallon tank
Adult Iguanas: Minimum custom-built enclosure at least 6 feet long, 6 feet high, and 4 feet wide. Bigger is always better—these are tree-dwelling reptiles that need room to climb, bask, and move freely.
Iguanas need tall enclosures with sturdy branches, shelves, and ramps to mimic their natural arboreal habitat. A secure, well-ventilated enclosure with UVB lighting is essential.
Enclosure Setup
Substrate: Use easy-to-clean substrates such as reptile carpet, newspaper, or paper towels. Avoid loose substrates like sand, bark, or mulch, which can cause impaction if ingested.
Climbing & Hides: Provide plenty of sturdy branches, shelves, and ledges for climbing and basking. Include secure hiding spots to help your iguana feel safe and reduce stress.
Water: A large water dish should always be available for drinking and soaking. Many iguanas enjoy soaking, which also helps with shedding and hydration.
Temperature & Humidity
Temperature Gradient:
*Basking Spot: 90-100°F (32-38°C)
*Ambient Temperature (daytime): 80-85°F (27-29°C)
*Nighttime Temperature: 75-80°F (24-27°C)
Humidity: Maintain high humidity levels around 65-80%. Daily misting and the use of a humidifier or large water container can help keep humidity in range.
Proper temperatures and humidity are vital for digestion and respiratory health. Use thermostats, thermometers, and hygrometers to monitor conditions accurately.
Feeding
-Diet: Iguanas are strict herbivores. A healthy diet consists of a variety of fresh leafy greens, vegetables, and occasional fruits. Recommended staple greens include:
*Collard greens
*Mustard greens
*Turnip greens
*Dandelion greens
*Escarole
Supplement with other vegetables such as squash, green beans, bell peppers, and limited fruit like mango, papaya, and berries. Avoid feeding animal protein, as it can lead to kidney damage.
-Feeding Frequency:
Juvenile Iguanas: Daily
Adult Iguanas: Daily (adjust portion size to maintain healthy weight)
-Supplements: Dust food with a calcium supplement (without phosphorus) 3-4 times a week and a multivitamin supplement once a week. UVB lighting is essential for vitamin D3 synthesis and calcium absorption.
-Water: Always provide fresh water daily and mist your iguana regularly to encourage drinking and maintain hydration.
Shedding
Shedding Process: Iguanas shed their skin in patches rather than all at once, especially around the tail, toes, and spines. Young iguanas shed more frequently as they grow.
Signs of Shedding: Dull or whitish patches on the skin are normal. Provide high humidity and gentle misting to help loosen old skin.
Retained Skin: If stuck shed occurs, especially around the toes and tail, soak the iguana or increase humidity. Gently remove retained skin if necessary, but never pull forcefully.
Handling
Temperament: Iguanas can become tame with regular, gentle handling but may be defensive when young or during breeding season. They have strong tails and sharp claws, so handle with care.
Handling Frequency: Handle your iguana daily if possible to build trust, but avoid over-handling or stressful situations. Always wash hands before and after handling.
Safety: Support the iguana’s entire body, especially its tail and limbs, to prevent injury or stress. Be cautious of tail whipping or scratching if the iguana feels threatened.
Health & Veterinary Care
Common Health Issues:
*Metabolic Bone Disease (from inadequate UVB or calcium)
*Parasites (internal and external)
*Respiratory infections (due to low temperatures or poor humidity)
*Mouth rot (bacterial infections in the mouth)
*Kidney disease (from improper diet)
Routine Checkups: Annual checkups with a reptile-savvy veterinarian are strongly recommended. Fecal exams help detect parasites early.
Signs of Illness: Lethargy, lack of appetite, swollen limbs, difficulty breathing, or unusual droppings may indicate illness. Seek veterinary care promptly if you notice these signs.
Signs of Stress: Loss of appetite, glass surfing, hiding excessively, or tail whipping may indicate stress. Review enclosure conditions and handling routines to reduce stressors.
Breeding Information
Sexing: Males grow larger, have broader jowls, and develop prominent femoral pores on the underside of their thighs. Females are generally smaller and have a slimmer build.
Breeding Season: Breeding typically occurs during the dry season in the wild. Captive breeding requires careful temperature and photoperiod adjustments.
Egg-Laying: Females lay eggs whether bred or not. Provide a nesting box filled with moist soil or vermiculite for egg-laying. Clutches can contain 20-40 eggs, which require incubation at around 85°F (29°C) with high humidity.
Conclusion
Green iguanas are beautiful and rewarding pets for keepers who can dedicate the time, space, and resources required for their care. Their impressive size, intelligence, and striking appearance make them fascinating companions, but they require a long-term commitment to proper diet, housing, and handling.
Note: Before getting an iguana, research thoroughly and ensure you’re prepared for their complex needs and large adult size. Providing the right environment and care is essential for a healthy, long-lived pet.